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Human Resource ManagementLaajuus (5 cr)

Code: LY00BU76

Credits

5 op

Teaching language

  • English

Objective

Student
* understands the theoretical foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM)
* appreciates the global trends and the implications on strategic workforce planning
* recognises the importance of human resource management and human resources as a strategic success factor for an organisation
* develops evidence-based HR management competencies to support the building of recruitment, reward management performance management etc. strategies
* strives for a fair, supportive, and inclusive approach in managing its work community, taking into account the diversity of the workforce and implement a work-life balanced approach that enhance the well being of its human resources

Content

The theoretical basis of human resource management
Strategic human resource management and the global trends
Human resource management in practice
o Strategic workforce planning
o Recruitment and recruitment process
o Employees orientation and onboarding
o Training and development
o Performance management
o Rewards management
Managing workforce diversity

Materials

Available in KAMK learning platform

Arviointikriteerit, kiitettävä (5)

Student
* critically analyzes the current state of human resource management, able to forecast future change needs based on sound evidence and arguments, and innovatively anticipates changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* masters the development of HRM processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* reasonably masters fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Student
* analyzes the current state of human resource management and future change needs, and anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* is able to provide fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Arviointikriteerit, tyydyttävä (1)

Student
* demonstrates basic competency to evaluate the current state of human resource management and future change needs and seeks to anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in cooperation with work community actors
* strives for fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

en
Enrollment

01.08.2025 - 30.09.2025

Timing

28.08.2025 - 19.10.2025

Number of ECTS credits allocated

5 op

Virtual portion

3 op

RDI portion

1 op

Mode of delivery

40 % Contact teaching, 60 % Distance learning

Unit

KAMK Master School

Teaching languages
  • English
Degree programmes
  • Master's Degree in International Business Management
  • Master’s Degree in Game Business Management
Teachers
  • Ruey Komulainen
Groups
  • GBMY25S
    GBMY25S
  • FMGB25S
    FMGB25S

Objective

Student
* understands the theoretical foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM)
* appreciates the global trends and the implications on strategic workforce planning
* recognises the importance of human resource management and human resources as a strategic success factor for an organisation
* develops evidence-based HR management competencies to support the building of recruitment, reward management performance management etc. strategies
* strives for a fair, supportive, and inclusive approach in managing its work community, taking into account the diversity of the workforce and implement a work-life balanced approach that enhance the well being of its human resources

Content

The theoretical basis of human resource management
Strategic human resource management and the global trends
Human resource management in practice
o Strategic workforce planning
o Recruitment and recruitment process
o Employees orientation and onboarding
o Training and development
o Performance management
o Rewards management
Managing workforce diversity

Materials

Available in KAMK learning platform

Evaluation scale

0 - 5

Arviointikriteerit, kiitettävä (5)

Student
* critically analyzes the current state of human resource management, able to forecast future change needs based on sound evidence and arguments, and innovatively anticipates changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* masters the development of HRM processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* reasonably masters fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Student
* analyzes the current state of human resource management and future change needs, and anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* is able to provide fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Arviointikriteerit, tyydyttävä (1)

Student
* demonstrates basic competency to evaluate the current state of human resource management and future change needs and seeks to anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in cooperation with work community actors
* strives for fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

en
Enrollment

01.08.2025 - 30.09.2025

Timing

25.08.2025 - 31.10.2025

Number of ECTS credits allocated

5 op

Virtual portion

5 op

RDI portion

2 op

Mode of delivery

Distance learning

Unit

KAMK Master School

Teaching languages
  • English
Degree programmes
  • Master's Degree in International Business Management
  • Master of Engineering, Game Business Management
  • Master’s Degree in Game Business Management
Teachers
  • Ruey Komulainen
Groups
  • MGB25S
    MGB25S
  • MGBE25S
    MGBE25S
  • LBY25S
    LBY25S

Objective

Student
* understands the theoretical foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM)
* appreciates the global trends and the implications on strategic workforce planning
* recognises the importance of human resource management and human resources as a strategic success factor for an organisation
* develops evidence-based HR management competencies to support the building of recruitment, reward management performance management etc. strategies
* strives for a fair, supportive, and inclusive approach in managing its work community, taking into account the diversity of the workforce and implement a work-life balanced approach that enhance the well being of its human resources

Content

The theoretical basis of human resource management
Strategic human resource management and the global trends
Human resource management in practice
o Strategic workforce planning
o Recruitment and recruitment process
o Employees orientation and onboarding
o Training and development
o Performance management
o Rewards management
Managing workforce diversity

Materials

Available in KAMK learning platform

Evaluation scale

0 - 5

Arviointikriteerit, kiitettävä (5)

Student
* critically analyzes the current state of human resource management, able to forecast future change needs based on sound evidence and arguments, and innovatively anticipates changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* masters the development of HRM processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* reasonably masters fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Student
* analyzes the current state of human resource management and future change needs, and anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* is able to provide fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Arviointikriteerit, tyydyttävä (1)

Student
* demonstrates basic competency to evaluate the current state of human resource management and future change needs and seeks to anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in cooperation with work community actors
* strives for fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

en
Enrollment

02.08.2024 - 30.09.2024

Timing

01.09.2024 - 17.11.2024

Number of ECTS credits allocated

5 op

Virtual portion

3 op

RDI portion

2 op

Mode of delivery

40 % Contact teaching, 60 % Distance learning

Unit

KAMK Master School

Teaching languages
  • English
Degree programmes
  • Master's Degree in International Business Management
Teachers
  • Ruey Komulainen
Groups
  • FMGB24S
    FMGB24S
  • GBMY24S
    GBMY24S

Objective

Student
* understands the theoretical foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM)
* appreciates the global trends and the implications on strategic workforce planning
* recognises the importance of human resource management and human resources as a strategic success factor for an organisation
* develops evidence-based HR management competencies to support the building of recruitment, reward management performance management etc. strategies
* strives for a fair, supportive, and inclusive approach in managing its work community, taking into account the diversity of the workforce and implement a work-life balanced approach that enhance the well being of its human resources

Content

The theoretical basis of human resource management
Strategic human resource management and the global trends
Human resource management in practice
o Strategic workforce planning
o Recruitment and recruitment process
o Employees orientation and onboarding
o Training and development
o Performance management
o Rewards management
Managing workforce diversity

Materials

Available in KAMK learning platform

Evaluation scale

0 - 5

Arviointikriteerit, kiitettävä (5)

Student
* critically analyzes the current state of human resource management, able to forecast future change needs based on sound evidence and arguments, and innovatively anticipates changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* masters the development of HRM processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* reasonably masters fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Student
* analyzes the current state of human resource management and future change needs, and anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* is able to provide fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Arviointikriteerit, tyydyttävä (1)

Student
* demonstrates basic competency to evaluate the current state of human resource management and future change needs and seeks to anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in cooperation with work community actors
* strives for fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

en
Enrollment

02.08.2024 - 30.09.2024

Timing

01.09.2024 - 13.10.2024

Number of ECTS credits allocated

5 op

Virtual portion

5 op

RDI portion

2 op

Mode of delivery

Distance learning

Unit

KAMK Master School

Teaching languages
  • English
Degree programmes
  • Master's Degree in International Business Management
Teachers
  • Ruey Komulainen
Groups
  • MGB24S
    MGB24S
  • MGBE24S
    MGBE24S
  • LBY24S
    LBY24S

Objective

Student
* understands the theoretical foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM)
* appreciates the global trends and the implications on strategic workforce planning
* recognises the importance of human resource management and human resources as a strategic success factor for an organisation
* develops evidence-based HR management competencies to support the building of recruitment, reward management performance management etc. strategies
* strives for a fair, supportive, and inclusive approach in managing its work community, taking into account the diversity of the workforce and implement a work-life balanced approach that enhance the well being of its human resources

Content

The theoretical basis of human resource management
Strategic human resource management and the global trends
Human resource management in practice
o Strategic workforce planning
o Recruitment and recruitment process
o Employees orientation and onboarding
o Training and development
o Performance management
o Rewards management
Managing workforce diversity

Materials

Available in KAMK learning platform

Evaluation scale

0 - 5

Arviointikriteerit, kiitettävä (5)

Student
* critically analyzes the current state of human resource management, able to forecast future change needs based on sound evidence and arguments, and innovatively anticipates changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* masters the development of HRM processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* reasonably masters fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Student
* analyzes the current state of human resource management and future change needs, and anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* is able to provide fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Arviointikriteerit, tyydyttävä (1)

Student
* demonstrates basic competency to evaluate the current state of human resource management and future change needs and seeks to anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in cooperation with work community actors
* strives for fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

en
Enrollment

01.12.2023 - 27.02.2024

Timing

01.02.2024 - 15.05.2024

Number of ECTS credits allocated

5 op

Virtual portion

3 op

RDI portion

2 op

Mode of delivery

40 % Contact teaching, 60 % Distance learning

Unit

KAMK Master School

Teaching languages
  • English
Degree programmes
  • Master's Degree in International Business Management
Teachers
  • Ruey Komulainen
Groups
  • GBMY23S
    GBMY23S
  • GBMY24K
    GBMY24K

Objective

Student
* understands the theoretical foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM)
* appreciates the global trends and the implications on strategic workforce planning
* recognises the importance of human resource management and human resources as a strategic success factor for an organisation
* develops evidence-based HR management competencies to support the building of recruitment, reward management performance management etc. strategies
* strives for a fair, supportive, and inclusive approach in managing its work community, taking into account the diversity of the workforce and implement a work-life balanced approach that enhance the well being of its human resources

Content

The theoretical basis of human resource management
Strategic human resource management and the global trends
Human resource management in practice
o Strategic workforce planning
o Recruitment and recruitment process
o Employees orientation and onboarding
o Training and development
o Performance management
o Rewards management
Managing workforce diversity

Materials

Available in KAMK learning platform

Evaluation scale

0 - 5

Arviointikriteerit, kiitettävä (5)

Student
* critically analyzes the current state of human resource management, able to forecast future change needs based on sound evidence and arguments, and innovatively anticipates changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* masters the development of HRM processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* reasonably masters fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Student
* analyzes the current state of human resource management and future change needs, and anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* is able to provide fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Arviointikriteerit, tyydyttävä (1)

Student
* demonstrates basic competency to evaluate the current state of human resource management and future change needs and seeks to anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in cooperation with work community actors
* strives for fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

en
Enrollment

28.08.2023 - 30.11.2023

Timing

01.08.2023 - 15.12.2023

Number of ECTS credits allocated

5 op

Virtual portion

5 op

RDI portion

2 op

Mode of delivery

Distance learning

Unit

KAMK Master School

Teaching languages
  • English
Degree programmes
  • Master's Degree in International Business Management
Teachers
  • Ruey Komulainen
Groups
  • MGB23S
    MGB23S
  • MGBE23S
    MGBE23S
  • LBY23S
    LBY23S

Objective

Student
* understands the theoretical foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM)
* appreciates the global trends and the implications on strategic workforce planning
* recognises the importance of human resource management and human resources as a strategic success factor for an organisation
* develops evidence-based HR management competencies to support the building of recruitment, reward management performance management etc. strategies
* strives for a fair, supportive, and inclusive approach in managing its work community, taking into account the diversity of the workforce and implement a work-life balanced approach that enhance the well being of its human resources

Content

The theoretical basis of human resource management
Strategic human resource management and the global trends
Human resource management in practice
o Strategic workforce planning
o Recruitment and recruitment process
o Employees orientation and onboarding
o Training and development
o Performance management
o Rewards management
Managing workforce diversity

Evaluation scale

0 - 5

Arviointikriteerit, kiitettävä (5)

Student
* critically analyzes the current state of human resource management, able to forecast future change needs based on sound evidence and arguments, and innovatively anticipates changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* masters the development of HRM processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* reasonably masters fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Student
* analyzes the current state of human resource management and future change needs, and anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* is able to provide fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Arviointikriteerit, tyydyttävä (1)

Student
* demonstrates basic competency to evaluate the current state of human resource management and future change needs and seeks to anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in cooperation with work community actors
* strives for fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

en
Enrollment

01.01.2023 - 31.03.2023

Timing

01.01.2023 - 31.05.2023

Number of ECTS credits allocated

5 op

Virtual portion

4 op

RDI portion

2 op

Mode of delivery

20 % Contact teaching, 80 % Distance learning

Unit

Business

Teaching languages
  • English
Degree programmes
  • Master's Degree in International Business Management
Teachers
  • Ruey Komulainen
Groups
  • GBMY23K
    GBMY23K

Objective

Student
* understands the theoretical foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM)
* appreciates the global trends and the implications on strategic workforce planning
* recognises the importance of human resource management and human resources as a strategic success factor for an organisation
* develops evidence-based HR management competencies to support the building of recruitment, reward management performance management etc. strategies
* strives for a fair, supportive, and inclusive approach in managing its work community, taking into account the diversity of the workforce and implement a work-life balanced approach that enhance the well being of its human resources

Content

The theoretical basis of human resource management
Strategic human resource management and the global trends
Human resource management in practice
o Strategic workforce planning
o Recruitment and recruitment process
o Employees orientation and onboarding
o Training and development
o Performance management
o Rewards management
Managing workforce diversity

Evaluation scale

0 - 5

Arviointikriteerit, kiitettävä (5)

Student
* critically analyzes the current state of human resource management, able to forecast future change needs based on sound evidence and arguments, and innovatively anticipates changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* masters the development of HRM processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* reasonably masters fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Student
* analyzes the current state of human resource management and future change needs, and anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* is able to provide fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Arviointikriteerit, tyydyttävä (1)

Student
* demonstrates basic competency to evaluate the current state of human resource management and future change needs and seeks to anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in cooperation with work community actors
* strives for fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

en
Enrollment

01.01.2023 - 31.03.2023

Timing

01.01.2023 - 31.05.2023

Number of ECTS credits allocated

5 op

Mode of delivery

Contact teaching

Unit

KAMK Master School

Teaching languages
  • English
Degree programmes
  • Master's Degree in International Business Management
Teachers
  • Ruey Komulainen
Groups
  • DGBMY23K
    DGBMY23K

Objective

Student
* understands the theoretical foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM)
* appreciates the global trends and the implications on strategic workforce planning
* recognises the importance of human resource management and human resources as a strategic success factor for an organisation
* develops evidence-based HR management competencies to support the building of recruitment, reward management performance management etc. strategies
* strives for a fair, supportive, and inclusive approach in managing its work community, taking into account the diversity of the workforce and implement a work-life balanced approach that enhance the well being of its human resources

Content

The theoretical basis of human resource management
Strategic human resource management and the global trends
Human resource management in practice
o Strategic workforce planning
o Recruitment and recruitment process
o Employees orientation and onboarding
o Training and development
o Performance management
o Rewards management
Managing workforce diversity

Evaluation scale

0 - 5

Arviointikriteerit, kiitettävä (5)

Student
* critically analyzes the current state of human resource management, able to forecast future change needs based on sound evidence and arguments, and innovatively anticipates changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* masters the development of HRM processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* reasonably masters fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Student
* analyzes the current state of human resource management and future change needs, and anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* is able to provide fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Arviointikriteerit, tyydyttävä (1)

Student
* demonstrates basic competency to evaluate the current state of human resource management and future change needs and seeks to anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in cooperation with work community actors
* strives for fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

en
Enrollment

01.08.2022 - 31.10.2022

Timing

01.08.2022 - 16.12.2022

Number of ECTS credits allocated

5 op

Mode of delivery

Contact teaching

Unit

Business

Teaching languages
  • English
Degree programmes
  • Master's Degree in International Business Management
Teachers
  • Ruey Komulainen
Groups
  • LBY22S
    LBY22S

Objective

Student
* understands the theoretical foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM)
* appreciates the global trends and the implications on strategic workforce planning
* recognises the importance of human resource management and human resources as a strategic success factor for an organisation
* develops evidence-based HR management competencies to support the building of recruitment, reward management performance management etc. strategies
* strives for a fair, supportive, and inclusive approach in managing its work community, taking into account the diversity of the workforce and implement a work-life balanced approach that enhance the well being of its human resources

Content

The theoretical basis of human resource management
Strategic human resource management and the global trends
Human resource management in practice
o Strategic workforce planning
o Recruitment and recruitment process
o Employees orientation and onboarding
o Training and development
o Performance management
o Rewards management
Managing workforce diversity

Evaluation scale

0 - 5

Arviointikriteerit, kiitettävä (5)

Student
* critically analyzes the current state of human resource management, able to forecast future change needs based on sound evidence and arguments, and innovatively anticipates changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* masters the development of HRM processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* reasonably masters fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Student
* analyzes the current state of human resource management and future change needs, and anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* is able to provide fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Arviointikriteerit, tyydyttävä (1)

Student
* demonstrates basic competency to evaluate the current state of human resource management and future change needs and seeks to anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in cooperation with work community actors
* strives for fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

en
Enrollment

01.01.2022 - 31.05.2022

Timing

01.01.2022 - 31.05.2022

Number of ECTS credits allocated

5 op

Mode of delivery

Contact teaching

Unit

Business

Teaching languages
  • English
Degree programmes
  • Master's Degree in International Business Management
Teachers
  • Ruey Komulainen
Groups
  • GBMY22K
    GBMY22K

Objective

Student
* understands the theoretical foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM)
* appreciates the global trends and the implications on strategic workforce planning
* recognises the importance of human resource management and human resources as a strategic success factor for an organisation
* develops evidence-based HR management competencies to support the building of recruitment, reward management performance management etc. strategies
* strives for a fair, supportive, and inclusive approach in managing its work community, taking into account the diversity of the workforce and implement a work-life balanced approach that enhance the well being of its human resources

Content

The theoretical basis of human resource management
Strategic human resource management and the global trends
Human resource management in practice
o Strategic workforce planning
o Recruitment and recruitment process
o Employees orientation and onboarding
o Training and development
o Performance management
o Rewards management
Managing workforce diversity

Evaluation scale

0 - 5

Arviointikriteerit, kiitettävä (5)

Student
* critically analyzes the current state of human resource management, able to forecast future change needs based on sound evidence and arguments, and innovatively anticipates changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* masters the development of HRM processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* reasonably masters fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Student
* analyzes the current state of human resource management and future change needs, and anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in collaboration with work community actors based on evidence
* is able to provide fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work

Arviointikriteerit, tyydyttävä (1)

Student
* demonstrates basic competency to evaluate the current state of human resource management and future change needs and seeks to anticipate changes in the operating environment and their impact on their work community
* is able to develop human resource management processes in cooperation with work community actors
* strives for fair and supportive HR management in managing diverse people
* is able to apply the terms and conditions of employment in his or her management work